Osteoporosis

The bones of people with osteoporosis become thin and weak. The word "osteo" comes from the Greek osteon meaning "bone", while "porosis" comes from the Greek poros meaning "hole, passage". According to Medilexicon's medical dictionary, osteoporosis is a "reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue; an age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and loss of normal skeletal microarchitecture, leading to increased susceptibility to fractures."

If osteoporosis is not prevented, or if it is left untreated, it can progress without causing any pain until a bone breaks - most likely the hip bone, a bone in the spine, or the wrist. A hip fracture invariably requires hospitalization and major surgery. Hip fractures generally lead to serious walking disability and sometimes death if left untreated. Fractures of the spine or vertebrae can sometimes result in loss of height, severe back pain, and deformity. 

What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis develops very slowly over a period of many years. The condition may creep up on the patient without any obvious symptoms initially - it can take several months, and even several years to become noticeable. Early signs of osteoporosis may include:

• Joint pains
• Difficulty standing
• Difficulty sitting up straight. The stooping position often seen among elderly people is a visible sign of possible osteoporosis.

As the person's bone density or bone mass continues to go down fractures of the hip, wrist or bones in the spine become more common. Even a cough or a sneeze may fracture a rib or cause partial collapse of one of the spinal bones.

Indian Toll Free Numbers

Airlines Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Air India — 1800 22 7722
Go Air – 1800 223 001
Indian Airlines – 1800 180 1407
Indigo Airlines – 1800 180 3838
Jet Airways – 1800 22 5522
KingFisher – 1800 180 0101
SpiceJet – 1800 180 3333
Automobiles Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Audi – 1800 103 6800
Bentley – 0008001006243
Ford – 1800 209 5556
Honda – 1800 103 3121
Hyundai – 1800 11 4645
Mercedez Benz – 1800 102 9222
Mahindra Scorpio – 1800 22 6006
Maruti Suzuki – 1800 111 515
Mitsubishi – 1800-102 2955
Nissan – 1800-209-4080
Porsche – 1800 1020 911
Tata Motors – 1800 22 5552
Toyota – 1800 425 0001
Windshield Experts – 1800 11 3636
Banks Toll Free Phone Numbers :
ABN AMRO 1800 11 2224
Axis Bank Ltd. – 1860 425 8888
Bank of Baroda – 1800 22 4447
Bank of India – 1800 22 00 88
Canara Bank – 1800 44 6000
Citibank – 1800 44 2265
Corporation Bank – 1800 443 555
Development Credit Bank – 1800 22 5769
HDFC Bank – 1800 227 227
ICICI Bank – 1800 333 499
ICICI Bank NRI – 1800 22 4848
IDBI Bank – 1800 11 6999
Indian Bank – 1800 425 1400
Indian Overseas Bank – 1800 4251 230
ING Vysya – 1800 44 9900
Kotak Mahindra Bank – 1800 22 6022
Lord Krishna Bank – 1800 11 2300
Oriental Bank of Commerce – 1800 180 1235
Punjab National Bank – 1800 122 222
State Bank of India 1800 44 1955
State Bank of Patiala – 1800 112 211
Syndicate Bank 1800 44 6655
Union Bank of India – 1800 22 22 44
Cell Phones Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Apple – 1800 4250 744
BenQ – 1800 22 08 08
Bird CellPhones – 1800 11 7700
Blackberry – 1800 419 0121
HTC – 1800 113 377
LG – 1860 180 9999
Maxx – 1800 22 6299
Micromax – 1860 500 8286
Motorola MotoAssist – 1800 11 1211
Nokia – 3030 3838
Sony Ericsson – 3901 1111
Samsung – 1800 110 011
Tata Indicom – 1800 209 7070
Virgin – 1800 209 4444
Computers/IT Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Acer – 1800 3000 2237
Adrenalin – 1800 444 445
AMD – 1800 425 6664
Apple Computers – 1800 444 683
Canon – 1800 333 366
Cisco Systems – 1800 221 777
Compaq – HP – 1800 444 999
Data One Broadband – 1800 424 1800
Dell – 1800 444 026
Epson – 1800 44 0011
eSys – 3970 0011
Genesis Tally Academy – 1800 444 888
HCL – 1800 180 8080
HP – 1800 425 4999
IBM – 1800 443 333
Infosys – 1800 930 4048
L&T – 1800 419 6666
Lexmark – 1800 22 4477
Marshal’s Point – 1800 33 4488
Microsoft – 1800 111 100
Microsoft Virus Update – 1901 333 334
Seagate – 1800 180 1104
Symantec – 1800 44 5533
TCS – 1800 200 1221
TVS Electronics – 1800 444 566
WeP Peripherals – 1800 44 6446
Wipro – 1800 333 312
xerox – 1800 180 1225
Zenith – 1800 222 004
Couriers/Packers & Movers Toll Free Phone Numbers :
ABT Courier – 1800 44 8585
AFL Wizz – 1800 22 9696
Agarwal Packers & Movers – 1800 11 4321
Associated Packers P Ltd – 1800 21 4560
DHL – 1800 111 345
DTDC – 1866 383 6606
First Flight – 1800 225 5345
FedEx – 1800 22 6161
Gati – 1800 180 4284
Goel Packers & Movers – 1800 11 3456
Om deo packers & Movers – 1800 2660 299
Royal Packers & Movers – 1800 11 4321
UPS – 1800 22 7171
DTH Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Airtel Digital TV – 1800 102 8080
Tata Sky – 1800 180 6633
Sun Direct – 1800 200 7575
Reliance Big TV – 1800 200 9001
D2H – 1800 102 3111
Dish TV – 1800-180-3474
Credit Cards Toll Free Numbers :
Barclaycard – 1800-233-7878
Bobcards – 1800-22-5110
HDFC Bank Credit Cards – 1800-345-4332
ICICI Credit Cards – 1800-11-2222
SBI Cards – 1800-180-1290
Tata Card – 1800-180-8282
VISA – Credit and Debit Gold Cards – 1800-425-4446
Education Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Edu Plus – 1800 444 000
Hindustan College – 1800 33 4438
NCERT – 1800 11 1265
Vellore Institute of Technology – 1800 441 555
Amity University NCR Delhi – 1800 110 000
Healthcare Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Best on Health – 1800 11 8899
Dr Batras – 1800 11 6767
GlaxoSmithKline – 1800 22 8797
Johnson & Johnson – 1800 22 8111
Kaya Skin Clinic – 1800 22 5292
LifeCell – 1800 44 5323
Manmar Technologies – 1800 33 4420
Pfizer – 1800 442 442
Roche Accu-Chek – 1800 11 45 46
Rudraksha – 1800 21 4708
Varilux Lenses – 1800 44 8383
VLCC – 1800 33 1262
Home Appliances Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Aiwa/Sony – 1800 11 1188
Anchor Switches – 1800 22 7979
Blue Star – 1800 22 2200
Bose Audio – 1800 11 2673
Bru Coffee Vending Machines – 1800 44 7171
Daikin Air Conditioners – 1800 444 222
DishTV – 1800 12 3474
Faber Chimneys – 1800 21 4595
Godrej – 1800 22 5511
Grundfos Pumps – 1800 33 4555
LG – 1901 180 9999
Philips – 1800 22 4422
Samsung – 1800 113 444
Sanyo – 1800 11 0101
Voltas – 1800 33 4546

Hotel Reservations Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Four Seasons – 000 800 650 1418
GRT Grand – 1800 44 5500
InterContinental Hotels Group – 1800 111 000
Le Meridien – 000 800 650 1458
Marriott – 1800 22 0044
Sarovar Park Plaza – 1800 111 222
Taj Holidays – 1800 111 825
The Leela Palace – 1800 222 444
Trident – 1800 11 2122
Insurance Toll Free Phone Numbers :
AMP Sanmar – 1800 44 2200
Aviva – 1800 33 2244
Bajaj Allianz – 1800 22 5858
Chola MS General Insurance – 1800 44 5544
HDFC Standard Life – 1800 227 227
LIC – 1800 33 4433
Max New York Life – 1800 33 5577
Royal Sundaram – 1800 33 8899
SBI Life Insurance – 1800 22 9090
Mattresses Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Kurl-on – 1800 44 0404
Sleepwell – 1800 11 2266
Investments/Finance Toll Free Phone Numbers :
CAMS – 1800 44 2267
Chola Mutual Fund – 1800 22 2300
Easy IPO’s – 3030 5757
Fidelity Investments – 1800 180 8000
Franklin Templeton Fund – 1800 425 4255
J M Morgan Stanley – 1800 22 0004
Kotak Mutual Fund – 1800 222 626
LIC Housing Finance – 1800 44 0005
SBI Mutual Fund – 1800 22 3040
Sharekhan – 1800 22 7500
Tata Mutual Fund – 1800 22 0101
Paints Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Asian Paints Home Solutions – 1800 22 5678
Berger Paints Home Decor – 1800 33 8800
Teleshopping Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Asian Sky Shop – 1800 22 1800
Home shop 18 – 1860 1800 918
Jaipan Teleshoppe – 1800 11 5225
Tele Brands – 1800 11 8000
VMI Teleshopping – 1800 447 777
WWS Teleshopping – 1800 220 777
Travel Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Club Mahindra Holidays – 1800 33 4539
Cosmos – 1800 11 3211
Cox & Kings – 1800 22 1235
Emirates – 1800 11 5757
God TV Tours – 1800 442 777
Himalaya – 1800 694 6342
Kerala Tourism – 1800 444 747
Kumarakom Lake Resort – 1800 44 5030
Raj Travels & Tours – 1800 22 9900
Sita Tours – 1800 111 911
SOTC Tours – 1800 22 3344

UPS Toll Free Phone Numbers :
APC – 1800 44 4272
Luminous – 1800 11 3535
Numeric – 1800 44 3266
Sukam – 1800 102 4423
Indian Railways Toll Free Phone Numbers :
Indian Railway General Enquiry 131
Indian Railway Central Enquiry 131
Indian Railway Reservation 131
Indian Railway Railway Reservation Enquiry 1345,1335,1330
Indian Railway Centralised Railway Enquiry 1330/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9

Water Purifiers Toll Free Phone numbers :
Eureka Forbes – 1800 180 1407
Kenstar – 1800 419 4040
Kent RO Water Purifiers – 1800 100 1000
Pureit – 1800 22 8080
TATA Swach Water Purifiers – 1800 258 5858
Others Important Helplines :
Aavin – 1800 44 3300
Domino’s Pizza – 1800 111 123
Google Local – 1800 419 4444
Consumer Helpline – 1800 11 4000
Loreal garnier – 1800 223 000
Kodak India – 1800 22 8877
KONE Elevator – 1800 444 666
Indane – 1800 44 51 15
Pedigree – 1800 11 2121
Pizza Hut – 3988 3988
Telecom Monitoring Cell – 1800 110 420
World Vision India – 1800 444 550

Bacn

Bacn is an email that you receive that doesn;t qualify as spam. It is in your inbox because you signed up for it and could include newsletters, updates, bank statements etc. It is the email that you hope to receive but don't find time to read it.

Some Technical Full Forms.

VS:-Visual Studio.

HP:-Hewlett Packcard.

XP:-Extrme Programing.

CE:-Civil Engineering.

CTB:-Computer Based Traning

CLR:-Common Language Runtime.

ADO:-Active Data Object.

VCF:-Visual C# Express.

CFM:-Common Fusion Foundation

ASP:-Active Server Pages.

SQL:-Structured Query Language.

XML:-Extensibal Markup Language.

SCM:- Software Configration Management.

VSS:- Visual Source Safe.

TFS:- TEAM Foundation Server.

SVN:- Subversion.

CVS:-Concurrent Version System.

CTS:-Common Type System.

RCS:-Revision Control System.

TFC:-Team Foundation Client.

SSL:-Source Socket Layer.

ISP:-Internet Server Providers.

AMD:-Advanced Micro-Device.

WAP:-Wireless Application Protocol.

SAP:-System Analysis And Programe Develoment.

PDA:-Personal Digital Assistent.

DNS:-Domain Name Server.

PPP:-Point-To-Point Protocol.

SDK:-Software Development Kit.

SAD:-System Analysis & Design.

FAT32:-File Allocation Table.

NTFS:-New Technology File System.

MMS:-Multimedia Masseging Service.

HCL:-Hindustan Computer Limited

WSDL:-Web Service description Language.

 MISL:-Microsoft Intermediate Language.

HTTP:-Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

HTML:-Hyper Text Markup Language..

HTTPs:-Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. Over SSL.

YAHOO:-Yet another Hierarchical Officious Oracle.

VIRUS:- Vital Information Resource.

INTEL:-Integrated Electronic Chip.

INSAT – Indian National Satellite.
JSP – Java Server Pages.
JPEG – Joint Photographic Expert Group.
LAN – Local Area Network.
LCD – Liquid Crystal Display.
LED – Light Emitting Diode.
MAN – Metropolitan Area Network.
SAN – Social Area Network.
MAR – Memory Address Register.
MBR – Memory Buffer Register.
MFT – Multiprogramming with Fixed Tasks.
MIDI – Musical Instrument Digital Interface.
MSDOS – MicroSoft Disk Operating System.
MSI – Medium Scale Integration.
MVT – Multiprogramming with Variable Tasks.
NIC – Network Interface Card.

NICNET – National Informatics Centre NETwork.

NOS – Network Operating System.

NTSC – National Television Standards Committee.
GPL – Graphical Public Licence.
GUI – Graphical User Interface.
HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
HTML – Hyper Text Mark up Language.
IBM – International Business Machine.
IDN – Integrated Digital Networks.
IEEE – Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network.
ISO – International Standard Organization.
OSI – Open System Interface.
ISP – Internet Service Provider.
AMD – Advanced Micro Device.
ARPANET – Advanced Research Project Agency NETwork.
ATM – Automatic Teller Machine.
CAD – Computer Aided Designer.
CRT – Cathode Ray Tube.
CU – Control Unit.
DAT – Digital Audio Tape.
DBMS – DataBase Management Systm.
FAT – File Allocation System.
FM – Frequency Modulation.
PAL - Phase Alternation line.
PCB - Process Control Block.
PDA - Personal Digital Assistant.
PDF - Portable Document Format.
POS - Point Of Scale.
PPM - Pages Per Minute, Parts Per Million.
PVC - Poly Vinyl Chloride.
SD - Secure Digital.
UDP - User Datagram Protocol.
UDT - User Data Type.
UPC - Universal Product Code.
CMOS - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.
UPS - Uninterrupted Power Supply.
URL - Uniform Resource Locator.
UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair.
VAN - Value Added Network.
VCR - Video Cassette Recorder.
VOIP - Voice Over Internet Protocol.
WAP - Wireless Application Protocol.

Full Forms of Banks

IDBI - Industrial Developement Bank of India.

PNB - Punjab National Bank.

SBI - State Bank of India, State Bank of Indore.

HDFC - Housing Developmenmt Finance Corporation Limited.

UCO - United COmmercial Bank.

ICICI - Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India.

HSBC - Hongkong and Shangai Banking Corporation.

IOB - Indian Overseas Bank.

SCB - Standard Chartered Bank.

SBM - State Bank of Mauritius.

OIB - Oman International Bank.

MCB - Mizuho Corporate Bank.

IOIB - Indian Ocean International Bank.

BoB - Bank Of Baroda.

OBC - Oriental Bank of Commerce.

UBI - United Bank of America.

SBBJ - State Bank Of Bikaner and Jaipur.

SBT - State Bank Of Travancore.

SBP - State Bank of Patiala.

SBH - State Bank of Hyderabad.

SBM - State Bank of Mysore.

A Leader should know how to manage failure

(Former President of India APJ Abdul Kalam at Wharton India Economic forum , Philadelphia , March 22,2008 )Question: Could you give an example, from your own experience, of how leaders should manage failure?Kalam: Let me tell you about my experience. In 1973 I became the project director of India 's satellite launch vehicle program, commonly called the SLV-3. Our goal was to put India 's 'Rohini' satellite into orbit by 1980. I was given funds and human resources -- but was told clearly that by 1980 we had to launch the satellite into space. Thousands of people worked together in scientific and technical teams towards that goal. By 1979 -- I think the month was August -- we thought we were ready. As the project director, I went to the control center for the launch. At four minutes before the satellite launch, the computer began to go through the checklist of items that needed to be checked. One minute later, the computer program put the launch on hold; the display showed that some control components were not in order. My experts -- I had four or five of them with me -- told me not to worry; they had done their calculations and there was enough reserve fuel. So I bypassed the computer, switched to manual mode, and launched the rocket. In the first stage, everything worked fine. In the second stage, a problem developed. Instead of the satellite going into orbit, the whole rocket system plunged into the Bay of Bengal . It was a big failure.That day, the chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, Prof. Satish D hawan, had called a press conference. The launch was at 7:00 am , and the press conference -- where journalists from around the world were present -- was at 7:45 am at ISRO's satellite launch range in Sriharikota [in Andhra Pradesh in southern India ]. Prof. Dhawan, the leader of the organization, conducted the press conference himself. He took responsibility for the failure -- he said that the team had worked very hard, but that it needed more technological support. He assured the media that in another year, the team would definitely succeed.. Now, I was the project director, and it was my failure, but instead, he took responsibility for the failure as chairman of the organization.The next year, in July 1980, we tried again to launch the satellite -- and this time we succeeded. The whole nation was jubilant. Again, there was a press conference. Prof. Dhawan called me aside and told me, 'You conduct the press conference today.'

I learned a very important lesson that day. When failure occurred, the leader of the organization owned that failure. When success came, he gave it to his team. The best management lesson I have learned did not come to me from reading a book; it came from that experience.

Windows keyboard shortcuts

What is the allure of keyboard shortcuts? Do they really save time? Why bother since my mouse is permanently attached to my hand?
I like to use keyboard shortcuts, especially if someone is watching me, because they make me look like a pro. With just a few key strokes I can leave a mouser spinning his wheel! Whatever your motivation, here's a big list of keyboard shortcuts:

GENERAL SHORTCUTS

ALT- F4 - Quit a program / Shut down
ALT-TAB - Hold down the ALT key and hit tab to cycle through open windows.
CTL-ESCAPE - Display the Start menu
SHIFT - TAB - tab backwards through a form
CTRL - X - Cut
CTRL - C - Copy
CTRL - V - Paste
F1 - Help menu
CTRL - Z - Undo
SHIFT & Restart - To restart just windows and not your whole computer, hold down the shift key when you click the OK button on the shutdown screen. Saves lots of time. (not for XP)
CRTL-TAB - Navigate tabs on a tabbed screen

FILE & DESKTOP SHORTCUTS

Hold SHIFT while inserting a CD - Prevents the CD from "autorunning"
If an item is selected:
CTRL while dragging a file - Copies the file
CTRL - SHIFT while dragging a file - Creates a shortcut to the file
SHIFT - DELETE - Deletes an item without sending it to the recycle bin.
ALT-ENTER - Display a file's properties.
F2 - To rename the file
In Windows Explorer:
LEFT ARROW - Collapse the current selection if it is expanded
NUM LOCK-MINUS SIGN (-) - Collapse the selected folder
RIGHT ARROW - Expand the current selection if it is collapsed -Or- Select the first subfolder
NUM LOCK- * Expand all folders below the current selection
NUM LOCK- PLUS SIGN (+) - Expand the selected folder
F6 - Switch between left and right panes
In My Computer:
BACKSPACE - View the folder one level up
ALT- RIGHT ARROW - Move forward to a previous view
ALT- LEFT ARROW -Move backward to a previous view

INTERNET BROWSER SHORTCUTS

For Internet Explorer 6 and Netscape 7 (may work in older versions)
Open History Window
Ctrl+H
Reload
Ctrl+R
Back (Previous Page)
Alt+Left Arrow or Alt+Backspace
Forward (Next Page)
Alt+Right Arrow
Stop
Esc
Home
Alt+Home
Go to Bottom of Page
End
Go to Top of Page
Home
New Window
Ctrl+N
Close WIndow
Ctrl+W
Go Up one Line
Up Arrow
Go Down One Line
Down Arrow
Full Screen (toggle)
F11
Find on Page
Ctrl+F
Add Current Page to Favorites
Ctrl+D
Print Current Pageor Active Frame
Ctrl+P
Organize Favorites (IE)/Manage Bookmarks (NS)
Ctrl+B
Maximize a Window
Alt+Space+x
Minimize a window
Alt+Space+N
Scroll page up
Alt+Up Arrow
Scroll page down
Alt+Down Arrow

Internet Explorer ONLY

Open Favorites Bar
Ctrl+I
Select text in address bar
Alt+D
Force Reload (not from cache)
Ctrl+F5
A faster way to type in addresses with IE is to just type in the name of the site:
worldstart
and hit CTRL + Enter. The "http://www. " and ".com" will be added for you!

Netscape ONLY

Open / Close Sidebar Panel (toggle)
F9
Select text in Location Bar
Ctrl+L
Force Reload (not from Cache)
Ctrl+Shift+R
Zoom Text Smaller
Ctrl+- (minus)
Zoom text larger
Ctrl+= (plus sign)


WINDOWS KEY SHORTCUTS

The Windows key can be used in conjunction with other keys to act as a keyboard shortcut for faster access to menu commands. Now, while the Alt key tends to open program menus (ex: Alt+F opens the File menu and Alt+E opens the Edit menu) and the Ctrl key performs actual operations (ex: Ctrl+C will copy and Ctrl+V will paste), the Windows key will open various Windows tools...
Win key + R will open the Start menu's Run boxWin key + F will open the Start menu's Find windowWin key + E will quickly launch ExplorerWin key + Pause/Break will open the System Properties windowWin key + M will Minimize all windowsWin key + Shift + M will undo Minimize all windowsWin key + D will switch between minimizing all open programs and showing them allWin key + Tab will cycle through items on the taskbarWin key by itself will open the Start menu
You can also open programs or folders on your desktop by pressing the Windows key + the first letter of the program/folder/ shortcut + Enter . Sounds kinda tedious, but if you're in a bind with your mouse, it can come in quite handy.

ARROW TRICKS

Here's a cool little arrow trick to try with word processing programs. Next time you're using your arrow keys to go from one area of a sentence to another (left and right arrows), hold down your CTRL key. Instead of moving one space at a time, you'll go one word at a time.
If you're using the up and down arrows to go from line to line, holding down the CTRL key will make your cursor jump from paragraph to paragraph (well, from carriage return to carriage return anyway).
One last thing, if you hold down the SHIFT key while you do this (i.e. hold down SHIFT + CTRL at the same time), you select text as you arrow along.
I've tested this in MS Word and Wordpad, but it *should* work no matter what word processing program you use.

HOME / END KEY FUN

Do you ever find yourself scrolling through a huge folder ? Well, if you need to get to the beginning or the end quickly, just press Ctrl+Home . If you want to get to the end, click Ctrl+End.
Hey, that's not all!
This little trick works on more than just folders. If you use the Home key in a word processor, it goes to the beginning of the line you're currently working on. If you hit the END key, it should head to the end of the current line. If you pair Home & End up with the Ctrl key in a word processor, you will be whisked away to the beginning or end of the document. Again, this should work, but it depends on your word processor.
Speedup your work by using keyboard more and mouse less.
Useful Shortcut:
Start + M: Minimizes all open windows
Start + Shift + M: Maximizes All Windows
Start + E: Runs Windows Explorer
Start + R: Open the RUN Dialog Box
Start + F: Open the Search Results Dialog box
Start + CTRL + F: Opens the Search Results-Computer dialog Box (if the computer is connected to a network)
Start + Pause (Break): Opens the System Properties Dialog BoxWindows System Key Combinations:
F1: Help
CTRL + ESC: Open Start menu
ALT + TAB: Switch between open programs
ALT + F4: Quit program
SHIFT + DELETE: Delete item permanently
Windows Program Key Combinations:
CTRL + C: Copy
CTRL + X: Cut
CTRL + V: Paste
CTRL + Z: Undo
CTRL + B: Bold
CTRL + U: Underline
CTRL + I: ItalicMouse Click/Keyboard Modifier Combinations for Shell Objects:
SHIFT + right click: Displays a shortcut menu containing alternative commands
SHIFT + double click: Runs the alternate default command (the second item on the menu)
ALT + double click: Displays properties
SHIFT + DELETE: Deletes an item immediately without placing it in the Recycle Bin
General Keyboard-Only Commands:
F1: Starts Windows Help
F10: Activates menu bar options
SHIFT + F10: Opens a shortcut menu for the selected item (this is the same as right-clicking an object
CTRL + ESC: Opens the Start menu (use the ARROW keys to select an item)
CTRL + ESC or ESC: Selects the Start button (press TAB to select the taskbar, or press SHIFT+F10 for a context menu)
ALT + DOWN ARROW: Opens a drop-down list box
ALT + TAB: Switch to another running program (hold down the ALT key and then press the TAB key to view the task-switching window)
SHIFT: Press and hold down the SHIFT key while you insert a CD-ROM to bypass the automatic-run feature
ALT + SPACE: Displays the main window's System menu (from the System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the window)
ALT +- (ALT + hyphen): Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI)child window's System menu (from the MDI child window's System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the child window)
CTRL + TAB: Switch to the next child window of a Multiple Document Interface (MDI) program
ALT + underlined letter in menu: Opens the menu
ALT + F4: Closes the current window
CTRL + F4: Closes the current Multiple Document Interface (MDI) window
ALT + F6: Switch between multiple windows in the same program (for example, when the Notepad Find dialog box is displayed
ALT + F6: switches between the Find dialog box and the main Notepad window)
Shell Objects and General Folder/Windows Explorer Shortcuts For a selected object:
F2: Rename objectF3: Find all files
CTRL + X: Cut
CTRL + C: Copy
CTRL + V: Paste
SHIFT + DELETE: Delete selection immediately, without moving the item to the Recycle Bin
ALT + ENTER: Open the properties for the selected object
To Copy a File: Press and hold down the CTRL key while you drag the file to another folder.
To Create a Shortcut: Press and hold down CTRL+SHIFT while you drag a file to the desktop or a folder.
General Folder/Shortcut Control:
F4: Selects the Go To A Different Folder box and moves down the entries in the box (if the toolbar is active in Windows Explorer)
F5: Refreshes the current window.
F6: Moves among panes in Windows Explorer
CTRL + G: Opens the Go To Folder tool (in Windows 95 Windows Explorer only)
CTRL + Z: Undo the last command
CTRL + A: Select all the items in the current window
BACKSPACE: Switch to the parent folder
SHIFT + click + Close button: For folders, close the current folder plus all parent foldersWindows Explorer Tree Control:Numeric Keypad *: Expands everything under the current selectionNumeric Keypad +: Expands the current selectionNumeric Keypad -: Collapses the current selection.RIGHT ARROW: Expands the current selection if it is not expanded, otherwise goes to the first childLEFT ARROW: Collapses the current selection if it is expanded, otherwise goes to the parentProperties Control:CTRL + TAB/CTRL + SHIFT + TAB: Move through the property tabsAccessibility Shortcuts:Press SHIFT five times: Toggles StickyKeys on and offPress down and hold the right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Toggles FilterKeys on and offPress down and hold the NUM LOCK key for five seconds: Toggles ToggleKeys on and offLeft ALT + left SHIFT+NUM LOCK: Toggles MouseKeys on and offLeft
ALT + left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN: Toggles high contrast on and offMicrosoft Natural Keyboard Keys:Windows Logo: Start menuWindows Logo + R: Run dialog boxWindows Logo + M: Minimize allSHIFT + Windows Logo+M: Undo minimize allWindows Logo + F1: HelpWindows Logo + E: Windows ExplorerWindows Logo + F: Find files or foldersWindows Logo + D: Minimizes all open windows and displays the desktopCTRL + Windows Logo + F: Find computerCTRL + Windows Logo + TAB: Moves focus from Start, to the Quick Launch toolbar, to the system tray (use RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW to move focus to items on the Quick Launch toolbar and the system tray)Windows Logo + TAB: Cycle through taskbar buttonsWindows Logo + Break: System Properties dialog boxApplication key: Displays a shortcut menu for the selected itemMicrosoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed:Windows Logo + L: Log off WindowsWindows Logo + P: Starts Print ManagerWindows Logo + C: Opens Control PanelWindows Logo + V: Starts ClipboardWindows Logo + K: Opens Keyboard Properties dialog boxWindows Logo + I: Opens Mouse Properties dialog boxWindows Logo + A: Starts Accessibility Options (if installed)Windows Logo + SPACEBAR: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keysWindows Logo + S: Toggles CAPS LOCK on and offDialog Box Keyboard Commands:TAB: Move to the next control in the dialog boxSHIFT + TAB: Move to the previous control in the dialog boxSPACEBAR: If the current control is a button, this clicks the button. If the current control is a check box, this toggles the check box. If the current control is an option, this selects the option.
ENTER: Equivalent to clicking the selected button (the button with the outline)
ESC: Equivalent to clicking the Cancel button
ALT + underlined letter in dialog box item: Move to the corresponding item